tirsdag den 8. januar 2008

Folkestyre?

Som de fleste nok allerede er klar over, er ordet ‘demokrati’ sammensat af de to græske ord ‘demos’ og ‘kratos’ som betyder henholdsvis ‘folk’ og ‘styre’, men som jeg i det følgende vil forsøge at redegøre for, mener jeg ikke at vi i Danmark ikke kan siges at have egentligt folkestyre, men måske snarere bør betegne vores styreform som et elektivt fåmandsvælde.

Da Grundloven siges at være fundamentet for vores styreform er det måske godt at starte med den. Sidste gang Grundloven revideredes var i 1953. Da det dengang kun var personer med danske statsborgerskab og med en alder på 25 eller derover der måtte stemme, betyder dette at ingen danskere født efter 1928 har haft noget at skulle have sagt vedrørende selve grundlaget for den magtudøvelse som alle borgerne i den danske stat er underlagt. Den omtalte grundlovrevision handlede imidlertid kun om tronfølgen og alderskriteriet for stemmeafgivelse, der dengang ændredes til 23 år. Intet af alt det der derudover er nedfældet i Grundloven, har nogen nulevende indbygger i landet haft nogen indflydelse på. Hele grundlaget for vort demokrati har altså status af at være blevet mejslet i sten af højere magter, eller sagt på en anden måde, folkestyrets grundlag er af uudtalte grunde undtaget fra at være underlagt egentlig folkelig styring.

I Danmark har alle der er fyldt 18 år og som har en opholdstilladelse, medindflydelse ifa. stemmeret ved kommunalvalg, men ved folketingsvalg er det kun personer med dansk statsborgerskab der må deltage, og det selvom disse danske statsborgere ikke til dagligt omgås de øvrige indbyggere i landet idet de er bosiddende udenlands. Vores folkestyre er altså nogle gange defineret ved én folkemængde, og nogle gange ved en anden, men hvorfor er mennesker med opholdstilladelse kun tilladt at stemme ved kommunale valg, mens deres stemme underkendes ved nationale valg? Hvorfor er befolkningen og folket to forskellige størrelser? Udfaldene af valgene påvirker vel i ligeså høj udstrækning de opholdstilladte indbyggere uden statsborgerskab som den øvrige del af der indenfor staten bosatte befolkning, og det påvirker vel disse i endnu højere grad end det påvirker stemmeberettigede mennesker der bor udenfor landets grænser. Derudover er den indflydelsesafskårede del af befolkningen ovenikøbet, til forskel fra eksildanskerne, tvunget til finansiere statsdriften.
Dernæst er der det forhold, at man frasorterer en del af befolkning udelukkende fordi de ikke har opnået en høj nok alder. Her er det nok fornuftigt at indvende hvorfor det lige præcis er alder der er det udslagsgivende? Det kunne vel ligeså godt være andre faktorer, såsom f.eks. interesse, intelligens eller viden om styreformens præmisser. Det forekommer i hvert fald mig en smule besynderligt, at den 16-årige der netop har fået et trettental på B-niveau i samfundsfag, ikke er kvalificeret til at deltage i folkestyret, mens den 37-årige, der ikke har nogen politisk interesse eller indsigt overhovedet, er kvalificeret.

Politikerne repræsenterer ikke borgerne, de repræsenterer de af de respektive partier – oftest af partitoppen - præfabrikerede programmer og søger via disse at få indflydelse på statsdriften. Partierne repræsenterer på mange områder perciperede klasseinteresser, som der kan være mere eller mindre gode grunde til at holde for sande, men denne tingenes tilstand har ikke stort med folkestyre at skaffe, idet folket ikke kan gøre deres stemmer gældende ved væsentlige spørgsmål, men må forlade sig på et naivt håb om at politikerme - hvis partiprogram i størst omfang repræsenterer det den individuelle vælger anser for det mindste onde - vil handle konsistent med partiprogrammets ordlyd såfremt de vælges ind.

Dette synes måske ikke umiddelbart at være forbundet med nogle særlige vanskeligheder, for et flertal der i så høj grad har vænnet sig til denne styreform, at de ikke finder nogen videre grund til at stille spørgmålstegn ved om dette kan siges at være en retfærddig måde at forvalte en stat på, men som jeg vil forsøge at redegøre for i det følgende, kan der med denne styreform følge nogle ganske alvorlige problemer. Det største af disse problemer må siges at være den latente eller i nogle tilfælde de facto undertrykkelse denne styreform kan foranledigede.

Et meget påfaldende eksempel på hvordan ovenstående undertrykkelse kan tage form og blive et de facto flertalsdemokratur, er når magthavere vælger at tage i krig på hele befolkningens vegne og for hele befolkningens økonomiske donationer til staten. Hvis man ikke i det partiprogram man op til valget profilerede sig på, tydeligt gav til kende at man, i tilfælde af at komme til magten, havde til hensigt at støtte USA's udenrigspolitiske virke militært og dermed økonomisk, og det selv i tilfælde af at hegemonen skulle vælge at føre en uprovokeret angrebskrig uden om FN, kan man da hævde at have ageret i overenstemmelse med vælgernes interesser, når disse ikke har vidst, at denne brug eller måske snarere misbrug af embedet, lå implicit i deres stemmeafgivelse?

Et andet meget væsentligt spørgsmål at fremføre i diskussioner omhandlende en flertalsfunderet styreforms berettigelse, er spørgsmålet om hvorvidt nogen undertrykkelse af et nok så småt mindretal, skulle blive mindre undertrykkende af at være konsekvensen af en magtudøvelse funderet på et flertals vilkårlige normsæt? Hvorfor kan det eksempelvis siges at være okay, at det ikke står folk frit for at gøre med deres kroppe som de lyster, så længe de ikke forvolder skade på andre af enten fysisk eller materiel karakter? Men har vi da ikke ret til det, vil nogle måske spørge, hvortil svaret selvfølgelig er et rungende nej, for det står os ikke frit for at gøre hvad der passer os med vores kroppe, da visse former for offerløse handlinger enten søges voldeligt straffet med frihedsberøvelse eller med indgreb i individets økonomi ifa. bødestraf, som det som bekendt er tilfældet med lovgivning om euforiserende stoffer. Hvorfor skulle denne krænkelse af individets suverænitet blive mindre krænkende af, at et flertal støtter op om det? Hvem er flertallet eller deres rerpæsentanter til at definere sådanne adfærdspreferencer for mennesker de aldrig har mødt og som de intet forhold har til? Hvordan kan politikere, der vel ikke kan siges at repræsentere alles intereser, men derimod blot den interesserepræsentation man går til valg på, nogensinde retfærdiggøre at udføre sådanne krænkende indgreb i den personlige frihed, der måske mestendels går ud over folk vis interesser de ikke repræsenterer? Er vores kroppe da ikke længere vore egne, men i stedet, på en eller anden dubiøs måde blevet statens ejendom?

For at opsummere: Grundloven står ikke til diskussion og eksisterer ikke på bekostning af en folkevalgt overenskomst, men istedet på for længst afdøde menneskers historiske overenskomst. En væsentlig del af befolkningen har ikke lov til at stemme enten ved folketingsvalg eller valg overhovedet. Politikere kan agere krigsmagere uden at deres vælgere har kunnet vide at dette lå implicit i deres stemmeafgivelse, og uden at dette har videre konsekvenser for deres embede. Til sammen mener jeg at disse tre forhold gør det vanskeligt at tale om egentligt folkestyre hertillands. Og da lovgivningen bruges som dække for meget omfattende krænkelser af den personlige frihed hvad angår nogle offerløse handlinger, mener jeg ikke vi har en retfærdig styreform, da ingen undertrykkelse

fredag den 4. januar 2008

Syntesens Tidsalder?

Som jeg forsøgte at forklare i det tidligere indlæg 'Den Ydre Verden' er alle vores konceptualisationer af verdens beskaffenhed delvis illusoriske dvs. at de er delvise sandheder, idet de ikke er sandheden om det værendes beskaffenhed, men istedet blotte forklaringsforsøg som med nødvendighed må finde sig begrænsede af de begrænsninger som enhver model må bevæge sig indenfor, idet den udtrykkes i et sprog der altid er begrænset. Dette betyder imidlertid ikke, at de forskellige forklaringsforsøg og modeller for anskuelse ikke hver især fortæller os noget (forklaringsværdifuldt) om verden, men blot at ingen model alene kan forklare os alt om verden.

Denne modelagnosticisme hævdes af den integrale tænker Ken Wilber at være karakterisk for et hastigt voksende paradigme han kalder syntesens tidsalder (The Age of Synthesis). Kendetegnende for dette nye integrale paradigme er, at man søger at inddrage erfaringer fra mange forskellige erfaringsfelter. Denne voksende interdisciplinaritet er altså med et andet ord kendetegnet ved at være multiperspektivistisk, og vi ser i denne tid mange eksempler på forsøg på at syntetisere viden fra en lang række forskellige traditioner og discipliners erfaringer, i undertiden ganske omfattende forsøg på vha. denne multiperspektivisme, at skabe nye modeller for verdensanskuelse.

Den danske forfatter Erwin Neutszky-Wulff har gennem sit forfatterskab skabt en sådan multiperspektivistisk verdensanskuelse, idet han i sin syntese inddrager en lang række vidensdiscpliner, såsom neurologi, psykiatri, kvantemekanik, erkendelsesteori og religionsfænomenologi. Vinkler på den menneskelige tilstand der alle tages i brug, i et forsøg på at gøre rede for menneskets kapacitet for transcendens og religiøs erfaring.

Noget lignende gør sig gældende for den allerede nævnte integrale tænker Ken Wilber der ligeledes søger at inddrage utallige vidensfelter i et forsøg på at skabe en overordentligt inklusiv integral anskuelsesmodel, ligesom det ligeledes er kendetegnende for akademiske studier af den menneskelige bevidsthed, at man søger at tage en lang række vidensfelters erfaringer i brug i forsøget på at skabe en omfattende model af den menneskelige bevidstheds konstitution og mangfoldighed. Dette er tilfældet i antologien “The Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness” fra 2007, hvori der indhentes og sammenlignes data fra så forskellige felter som filosofi (østlig og vestlig), datalogi, kognitiv psykologi, udviklingspsykologi, psykodynamik, antropologi, neurologi, kvantetilgange til studiet af bevidsthed samt empiriske studier af de såkaldt anormale bevidsthedstilstande der kan opnås med hypnose og meditation.

Derudover kan nævnes at den danske videnskabsmand Jesper Hoffmeyer (cand.scient, dr.phil)har skrevet en doktorafhandling om det han kalder Biosemiotik, som er studiet af levende systemer fra et tegn-teoretisk (semiotisk) perspektiv, hvilket altså med andre ord er en blanding af humaniora og naturvidenskab.

Anti-reduktionisme

Det er kendetegnende for integralistiske eller syntetiserende tænkere at man tager afstand fra reduktionistiske naturvidenskabelige udlægninger af verdens værensgrundlag.
Problemet med nogle videnskabsmænds tendens til at ville reducere alt til materielle årsager, bliver da også overordentlig klart når opmærksomheden ledes hen på hvorledes den menneskelige bevidsthed er konstitueret. Vi kan nemlig ikke måle mentale processer såsom tænkningens kontemplative og/eller visuelt associative sekvenser, hvad vi derimod kan måle er neurale processor der kan siges at korrelere med visse bevidsthedstilstande. Eller med andre ord: vi kan måle hvilke synapser der fyrer og hvilke signalstoffer der udskilles når en tibetansk munk befinder sig i en tilstand af dyb meditation, men vi har ingen mulighed for empirisk at måle hvad han rent faktisk oplever i denne tilstand. Den eneste bevidsthed på planeten der kan bevidne disse oplevelser, denne sindslige erfaring, hvor subjektet er dets eget objekt for opmærksomhed, er selvfølgelig kun munkens egen, og disse oplevelser kan vanskeligt sprogliggøres indenfor rammerne af nogen materialistisk funderet videnskabelig diskurs, men det betyder bestemt ikke, at man ikke bør tage en forklaringsmodel alvorligt, som af tibetanske adepter er blevet raffineret gennem århundreder med det formål at beskrive sådanne bevidsthedstilstande, og malke denne model fra de interessante input der måtte være af finde i den.

B. Allan Wallace skriver i sin bog “Contemplative Science: Where Buddhism and Neuroscience converge”, følgende om denne såkaldte videnskabelig materialisme:

“By adhering to the principle of reductionism, with physics underlying biology and biology underlying psychology, scientific materialists have long assumed that the physical sciences have nothing to learn from the life sciences, the life sciences have nothing to learn from psychology and psychology has nothing to learn from religion […] it may be time apply for a healthy dose of scientific scepticism to this metaphysical claim.”

“Great advances have been made recently in discovering the neural correlates of an increasing range of mental processes. But none of these explain the so-called “hard problem” of how these physical events give rise to subjective experience. Scientific materialists confidently declare that eventually, the time-tested methods of physics and biology will unravel the mystery of consciousness […] but there are compelling reasons for scepticism about the neurobiological reduction of the mind to the brain.
Despite centuries of modern philosophical thought and scientific research into the nature of the mind, at present there is no technology that can detect the presence and absence of any kind of consciousness [i.e. states of consciousness], for scientists do not even know what is to be measured. Strictly speaking, at present there is no objective, scientific evidence for the existence of subjective experience! All the direct evidence we have is based on introspection, but this mode of observation has yet to be developed into a rigorous means of scientific inquiry. The root of the problem is more than a temporary lack of the technology. It is rather that modern science does not even have the theoretical framework within which to conduct experimental investigations.”

Problemet med den videnskabelig reduktionisme er endvidere at det der ultimativt nås frem til ikke er videre interessante konklusioner. Jo, jo selvfølgelig kan man da vælge at reducere et religiøst ritual ned til kemiske processer i de involverede individers hjerner, men det forklarer ungefær det samme som at forklare, at formålet med alle middagsritualer gennem historien, udelukkende har været det ene, at stille den enkeltes appetit. Eller med andre ord, det forklarer ganske lidt omkring bevæggrunden for den religiøses handling, for selvom et ritual kan virke stimulerende på visse neurotransmittersubstanser som så igen kan virke transcendensbefordrende kan man vanskeligt tale om dette som et sigte blandt udøvere som ingen kendskab har til sådanne neurale processer, ligesom det er ikke giver meget mening at bortviske ritualets sociale funktioner.

Konklusionen må vel være at de to overordnede forklaringsmodeller, den interpretive og den empiriske, ikke er gensidigt udelukkende men bør ses som komplementære modeller der begge belyser forskellige aspekter af samme sag.

torsdag den 3. januar 2008

TrackMeNot software

Hvis du er træt af at søgetjenester såsom Yahoo, Google o.lign. tracker din internet-trafik kan du benytte dette lille stykke software som er udviklet af nogle privacy-entusiatser på NYU.

læs mere her

http://mrl.nyu.edu/~dhowe/trackmenot/

onsdag den 2. januar 2008

Søren Gade's besynderlige logik

Jeg har hørt ham sige det før men nu siger han det igen, så han er åbenbart ikke blevet klogere.

I P1's Orientering hævdede han forsat mellem Jul og Nytår at den væsentligste grund til vores tilstedeværelse i Afghanistan, er at modvirke terroranslag i Europa, men hvorfor skulle hærens tilstedeværelse dog kunne forhindre noget sådant, når nu det forholder sig sådan, at hverken London eller Madrid-angrebene synes at kunne spores tilbage til Afghanistan idet Madrid-bombningerne blev sporet til en islamistisk gruppering i Nordafrika, mens London-bombningerne antages at være blevet udført af selvstændige individer uden nogen påviselig affinitet til et større netværk.

Gade's logik er besynderlig.

Den ydre verden.

“Jeg har flere gange hørt dig sige, at den ydre verden i ne hvis forstand ikke eksisterer. Hvad mener du egentlig med det?”

“Ideen om den ydre verden hviler på en række fordomme. Den ydre verden eksisterer ikke, i den forstand, at vi kan tale om en ydre verden adskilt fra vore modeller af hvorledes denne ydre verden er beskaffen. Vi kan ikke tale om en ydre verden løsrevet fra vore modeller af den, og disse modeller er ikke verden, men derimod forsøg på at repræsentere egenskaber ved verden som den forekommer for os. Kortet er ikke landskabet og menuen ikke retterne den beskriver. En vase kan for mig synes at have en fast form, men formens fasthed er ikke en egenskab ved vasen, men derimod et produkt af hvorledes mit nervesystem er konstitueret.”

“Det er simpelthen for langt ude, for det du siger er, at hvis jeg stikker dig en lussing, vil den smerte du føler altså ikke være et produkt af fastheden af min håndflade, men udelukkende et produkt af din følesans?”

“Ja!”

“Det lyder ret underligt. Ville det ikke være mere meningsfuldt at sige, at smerten du føler efter at have fået en flad, er et produkt af dit nervesystems reaktion mod en udefrakommende belastning? Denne belastning er så heftig, at en advarsel fra dit nervesystem tilkendegiver, via en udskillelse af adrenalin, at du nu står i en situation, hvor dine to primale valgmuligheder er enten kamp eller flugt? For dig er min håndflades fasthed vel ganske virkelig idet du tydeligt mærker den smerte dens fasthed forårsager når den rammer din kind?”

“Det er netop pointen, smerten er virkelig for mig, da jeg er et subjekt med en velfungerende følesans. Havde jeg ikke været i besiddelse af en følesans grundet en lammelse i min kind, ville jeg ikke mærke nogen smerte, ej heller din hånds fasthed. Din håndflades fasthed er udelukkende en tolkning, om end en for nervesystemet praktisk tolkning, der, som du selv er inde på, kan betyde forskellen mellem kamp eller flugt, men det gør ikke, at min oplevelse af din håndflades fasthed er et produkt af en egenskab ved din håndflade. Den er derimod et produkt af mit nervesystems måde at fortolke udefrakommende stimuli på.”

“Jeg tror godt jeg ved hvor du forsøger at tage den hen, men det forekommer mig stadigvæk at være nonsens. Selvfølgelig besidder min håndflade ikke nogen fasthed anskuet gennem fysikerens briller, da den ikke besidder nogen fasthed på atomart niveau, men for dig er dens fasthed vel ganske virkelig idet du tydeligt mærker den smerter den forårsager.”

“Jeg er glad for at du bringer fysikken på banen her, for det jeg forsøger at forklare hænger sammen med de erfaringer man har gjort sig indenfor den del af fysikken der kaldes kvantemekanikken.”

“kvantemekanikken? Ja, undskyld, men fysik har aldrig været min stærke side, Hvad går det i korte træk ud på?”

“Til én med få forudsætninger kan man lidt simpelt sige, at det kvantemekanikken lærer os er, at verden som vi iagttager den er virkelig, men samtidig relativeres denne virkelighed af; 1) gennem hvilket instrument vi anskuer den, 2) hvor det instrument befinder sig i tid og rum, samt 3) hvem der iagttager gennem dette instrument. Det instrument vi i hverdagen bruger til at iagttage verden med er vores nervesystem, og derfor er vores iagttagelser af denne verden også begrænsede til den kapacitet for iagttagelse vores nervesystem rummer.”

“Men nu taler du om nervesystemet og dets fortolkninger af udefrakommende stimuli. Hvordan kan du tale om sådanne, såfremt den ydre verden ikke eksisterer.”

“Nu misforstår du vist hvad jeg prøvede at sige. Der er ikke tale om solipsisme, om end verden i nogle henseender med rette kan betegnes som værende af samme stof som vore drømme. Det vi må gøre os klart er hvad vi mener, når vi bruger ordet ‘verden’. For hvad er verden? Hvis vi siger at verden er summen af fænomener som de forekommer for os, dvs. som de kan repræsenteres af os gennem alle modeller vi på nuværende tidspunkt kan inddrage for at meddele os til hinanden, har vi så dermed sagt noget om verden som den er?”

“Det er jeg ikke sikker på at jeg forstår. Jeg antager at svaret på dit spørgsmål er ‘nej’, men jeg er ikke sikker på hvorfor. Kunne du prøve at uddybe?”

“Ja selvfølgelig. Pointen er, at hvis vi siger at ‘verden’ er summen af fænomener som de forekommer for os, og som vi meningsfuldt kan meddele hinanden om gennem de modeller vi gør brug af til at beskrive disse fænomener, så har vi selvfølgelig sagt noget om disse fænomener. Dette er ofte ekstremt fordelagtigt, idet disse beskrivelser og modeller af fænomenernes beskaffenhed ofte tillader os at prognosticere et givent resultat med stor nøjagtighed, men egentlig har vi ikke sagt så meget om verden, som vi har sagt om den menneskelige erkendelses præmisser. Den ydre verden som den forekommer for os, og som vi kan meddele hinanden om, er egentlig ikke nogen ydre verden, men derimod en projektion af vore forestillinger om hvad denne ydre ‘verden’ er.

“Så græsset er ikke grønt?”

“Både jo og nej, for græsset forekommer os at være grønt, men det at du og jeg kan blive enige om at græsset er grønt, beror på at vi begge har omfavnet en konsensus der gør, at vi sprogligt har vænnet os til, at kalde en bestemt farve for grøn. Denne konsensus beror ikke på en egenskab ved græsset, men på vores sproglige fællesgrund. I nogle kulturer ville det ikke være meningsfuldt at sige at græsset er grønt, ja det ville endda være umuligt, da ingen sådan farve eksisterer som begreb for denne kultur. Bellona-folket på øen Bellona opererer slet ikke med overkategorien farve på samme måde som mennesker i Danmark gør det, men skelner derimod kun mellem gul, rød og sort. Dette formulerede Robert Anton Wilson med spørgsmålet: “Who is the master who makes the grass green?”

“Ja ifølge dig ville denne mester vel være sproget, men det kan jeg ikke få til at passe, for hvis vore iagttagelser beror på vores sprog, ville det vel betyde, at jeg ikke kan iagttage noget jeg ikke har begreb om, som eksempelvis folkene på øen Bellona, der ikke ser farven grøn.”

“Nu er det jo ikke sådan at de intet ser fordi de ikke kender til en betegnelse for en gruppe farvenuancer som vi i vores kulturkreds har valgt at betegne grønne farver, men jeg forstår godt din vildfarelse og vil derfor prøve at illustrere min pointe yderligere.

Forestil dig at du er på vej ind i regnskoven i Amazonas. Du har selv intet kendskab til regnskovens dyr og planteliv, men du er sammen med en botaniker og en stifinder, der er den lokale indfødte stammes medicinmand. Du og botanikeren vil sandsynligvis se de samme træer og planter, formmæssigt, men botanikeren vil samtidig se langt mere end du, da han har et stort begrebsapparat som han kan gøre brug af. Hans model er simpelthen mere raffineret end din, hvorfor den giver plads til en lang række overvejelser omkring de fænomener i møder på jeres vej, som din mere begrænsede model ikke giver plads til. For den lokale medicinmand er i imidlertid begge børn, for han iagttager regnskovens dyr og planteliv gennem en mere omfattende model, da han eksempelvis ved hvilke plantesafter han skal tage i brug, hvis han ønsker at udvirke et givent medicinsk resultat. Hans model er altså bedre end både din og botanikerens i den forstand, at den inkluderer et bredere meningsspektrum. Præmisserne for hans erkendelse af regnskovens mangfoldige fænomener er langt bedre end jeres, da hele hans verdensanskuelse er blevet konceptualiseret i dette miljø.”

“Så den ydre verden eksisterer altså kun for os i det omfang vi kan begrebsliggøre den. Er det sådan det skal forstås?”

“Well, den ydre verden som den forekommer for os, og os er her det centrale ord, afhænger i høj grad af hvilken fællessproglig referenceramme vi har. Du og medicinmanden fra Amazonas har i mange henseender ingen ydre verden til fælles, idet han ikke meningsfuldt kan repræsentere hans model af verden til dig, da hans model beror på helt andre konsensi end din. I har begge fem sanser til fælles, men hans sanser er muligvis langt mere fintunede end dine, da disse har udviklet gennem talrige generationer for at optimere vilkårene for hans overlevelse. Endvidere har i ingen fælles kulturgrund overhovedet. Det Overnaturlige vil ikke for ham, som for dig, være noget fremmed, men derimod sandsynligvis være særdeles tilstedeværende, og det i en sådan grad, at det slet ikke ville være meningsfuldt for ham at differentiere mellem naturlige fænomener og overnaturlige fænomener. For ham vil regnskoven være besjælet”

tirsdag den 25. december 2007

Den moralske bevæggrund for straf i DK

Nedestående link henviser til et i mine øjne ganske interessant interview med Professor i kriminologi Flemming Balvig fra Københavns Universitet, om hvordan den tilgrundsliggende moral for hvorfor samfundet straffer, har ændret sig over årtierne fra at være en opfattet præventiv indsats, til at være en indsats som skal garantere at befolkningens retsopfattelse og retsbevidsthed opretholdes.

http://dr.dk/P1/Apropos/Udsendelser/2007/12/17132944.htm

mandag den 24. december 2007

P1's Dokumentarzonen om Overvågningssamfundet og Angst

http://www.dr.dk/P1/Dokumentarzonen/Udsendelser/2007/12/20071212180146.htm

Linket henviser til en fin radiodokumentar om overvågningssamfundet og angst, med professor i psykiatri Tom Bolvig om angstens grundlag i krybdyrhjernens pirmitive kamp/flugt mekanisme, og juraprofessor Simon Davies der er leder for Privacy International om den Orwellske NewSpeak ift. Overvågningssamfundet i Storbrittanien, samt nogle enkelt forklarende skits om trinnene mod lignende tilstande i DK.

søndag den 23. december 2007

Hætter over hovedet på arrestanter



PET har i de to terrorsager valgt at putte hætter over hovedet på arrestanterne, i hvad ser synes at være ret vidtgående krænkelser af sigtede, som altså nu straffes i kraft af denne urimelige og unødvendige politivirksomhed, inden deres skyld er bevist. Følgende er et par citatet fra den sidste tids aviser. Klik på linkene for at lære mere om PETs usmagelige metoder.

"Det er mit indtryk, at PET er meget opmærksom på at planlægge og gennemføre større anholdelsesaktioner på en sådan måde, at de er til mindst mulig gene for de anholdte, og selvfølgelig også for de beboere og familiemedlemmer, der måtte opholde sig i nærheden af de anholdte,"

http://information.dk/151831

Professor dr. med. Bent Sørensen, der tidligere har været Danmarks udpegede medlem af Europarådets komité til forebyggelse af tortur og af FN's komité mod tortur, tager skarpt afstand fra politiets brug af hætter.

»Hætter over hovedet på anholdte er simpelthen forbudt og absolut uacceptabelt. Det er den entydige opfattelse i de to komitéer«, siger han til Information.

http://politiken.dk/indland/article448280.ece

FBI Prepares Vast Database Of Biometrics

$1 Billion Project to Include Images of Irises and Faces

http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/22366208/

torsdag den 20. december 2007

Frygt vs. Fakta

Befolkningens udsathed for vold har ikke ændret sig: Cirka to procent er hvert år ofre for vold. Sådan har det været i over 20 år.

I 61 procent af tilfældene er gerningsmanden påvirket af alkohol eller stoffer - og 64 procent af dem sker fredag, lørdag eller søndag.

Hvor det for ti år siden var ved 3 procent af voldstilfældene, der blev anvendt kniv, var det i 2005-2006 5 procent. En lignende udvikling ser man
ift. skydevåben: Tidligere var det slet ingen, i 2005-2006 2 procent.

http://www.justitsministeriet.dk/forskning/rapporter-fra-forskningsenheden/rapport-mappe/danskernes-udsathed-for-kriminalitet-20052006/

Danskerne har altså ingen grund til at føle sig specielt meget mere utrygge. Udviklingen er IKKE ved at løbe løbsk. Det er IKKE værre end nogensinde. Politiet er IKKE ved at miste kontrollen over situationen.

Og det vilde er, at danskerne heller ikke FØLER sig mere utrygge. En dugfrisk undersøgelse viser, at befolkningens bekymring for vold næsten er halveret på 15-20 år.

I årene 1985-1996 var det mellem 60 og 70 procent af befolkningen, der bekymrede sig meget om vold. Siden 2003 har det været 35-37 procent (sidste år var det endda helt nede på 30 procent).

http://www.justitsministeriet.dk/fileadmin/downloads/Forskning_og_dokumentation/Bekymring_2007.pdf


Hvad fanden vi så skal med endnu flere sanktioner og udvidede beføjelser til politiet, der hverken kan begrundes i den faktiske kriminalitetsudvikling eller i befolkningens opfattelse af den.

tirsdag den 18. december 2007

Velkommen til Politistaten

Der skulle 13 skudepisoder på blot tre måneder til at få justitsminister Lene Espersen til at reagere. Hun vil nu skærpe straffene for våbenbesiddelse. Politiet skal have mulighed for at varetægtsfængsle folk, der bærer våben. Samtidig skal strafferammen forhøjes. Derudover opfordrer hun politiet til øget brug af visitationszoner, hvor man kan kropsvisitere alle i et område.

"Hvis de ved, at politiet visiterer bestemte områder, tror jeg trods alt, at de er mere forsigtige med at have maskinpistoler og andet med i bagagerummet, for de ryger direkte i fængsel og får en lang fængselsstraf. Hvis reglerne bliver strammet op, får vi dem i det mindste væk fra gaden, og så kan de sidde i fængslet og tænke over tingene." siger Lene Espersen. (Ekstra Bladet 14-12-2007)


"Oprettelsen af politiets omfattende visitationszoner i det centrale København kastede heller ikke i går de helt store våbenfund af sig. Natten til i går blev i alt 346 personers lommer endevendt af betjente, mens 133 bilister fik set deres handske- og bagagerum igennem, oplyser Københavns Politi. Resultatet var fire våbenlovsovertrædelser, heriblandt et sværd. Natten til lørdag blev omkring 200 personer og 70 biler visiteret. Også her var resultatet fire overtrædelser af våbenloven." (Ritzau 17/12 2007)

-------------------------------------

Det er meget sigende, at justitsministeren går ud og anbefaler politiet, at gøre brug af visitationszoner som et middel til at bekæmpe ulovlig våbenbesiddelse, for denne form for kollektiv afstraffelse og vilkårlige krænkelser af folk der bevæger sig indenfor for et givent afgrænset område, uden politiet har nogen begrundet mistanke for at foretage sådanne indgreb i den personlige frihed, er virkelig et skridt i en meget ubehagelig retning, og det kan vel næppe heller komme som nogen overraskelse at justitsministeren ydermere anbefaler strengere straffe, for det synes at være hendes løsningsmodel generelt. “så kan de sidde i fængslet og tænke over tingene." siger hun, men hvad skal man helt præcis ligge i dette? Mener hun dermed at det skulle have en præventiv virkning at smide folk i fængslernes kriminalitetsskoler for selv latterlige overstrædelser af våbenlovgivningen, såsom at have en større køkkenkniv liggende i handskerummet, uanset hvorfor den måtte befinde sig der?

Hendes videre argumentation er også ret interessant, for hun hævder at det har en præventiv virkning at politiet laver visitationszoner, da folk så vil tænke sig ekstra godt om før de tager en maskinpistol med i byen. Dette er muligvis rigtigt, men for at vise hvorledes dette ingenlunde gør brugen af visitationszoner til nogen god idé kunne man, for the sake of argument, tage den et skridt videre og sige, at det sandsynligvis ville have en præventiv virkning på antallet af kvinder der udsættes for vold i hjemmet, hvis politiet satte kameraer op i alle hjem og filmede alt i alle døgnets 24 timer, men det gør det da bestemt ikke til nogen god idé, for det gør at en masse uskyldige mennesker, ligesom med visitationszonerne, udsættes for unødigt grove krænkelser af den personlige frihed som for størstedelens vedkommende må siges at savne legitim begrundelse, ydermere gør det at samfundets borgere skal betale en masse penge for en politiindsats som i langt de fleste tilfælde er ineffektiv og unødvendig, og som vel bedst kan betegnes som at skyde gråspurve med kanoner.

Alt dette skal selvfølgelig ikke ses isoleret, men derimod som endnu et led i de meget omfattende lovgivningsfunderede krænkelser af den personlige frihed, såsom antiterror-pakken og logningsbekendtgørelsen, som den borgerlige regering har sat i værk under dens embede. Endnu engang viser justitsministeren med al ønskelig tydelighed at hun og den regering hun er en del af er frihedens fjende nummer et i Danmark.

fredag den 9. november 2007

Cheney Tried to Stifle Dissent in Iran NIE

By Gareth Porter

A National Intelligence Estimate (NIE) on Iran has been held up for more than a year in an effort to force the intelligence community to remove dissenting judgments on the Iranian nuclear program, and thus make the document more supportive of US Vice President Dick Cheney's militarily aggressive policy toward Iran, according to accounts of the process provided by participants to two former Central Intelligence Agency officers.

But this pressure on intelligence analysts, obviously instigated by Cheney himself, has not produced a draft estimate without those dissenting views, these sources say. The White House has now apparently decided to release the unsatisfactory draft NIE, but without making its key findings public.

A former CIA intelligence officer who has asked not to be identified told IPS that an official involved in the NIE process says the Iran estimate was ready to be published a year ago but has been delayed because the director of national intelligence wanted a draft reflecting a consensus on key conclusions – particularly on Iran's nuclear program.

The NIE coordinates the judgments of 16 intelligence agencies on a specific country or issue.

There is a split in the intelligence community on how much of a threat the Iranian nuclear program poses, according to the intelligence official's account. Some analysts who are less independent are willing to give the benefit of the doubt to the alarmist view coming from Cheney's office, but others have rejected that view.

The draft NIE first completed a year ago, which had included the dissenting views, was not acceptable to the White House, according to the former intelligence officer. "They refused to come out with a version that had dissenting views in it," he says.

As recently as early October, the official involved in the process was said to be unclear about whether an NIE would be circulated and, if so, what it would say.

Former CIA officer Philip Giraldi provided a similar account, based on his own sources in the intelligence community. He told IPS that intelligence analysts have had to review and rewrite their findings three times, because of pressure from the White House.

"The White House wants a document that it can use as evidence for its Iran policy," says Giraldi. Despite pressures on them to change their dissenting conclusions, however, Giraldi says some analysts have refused to go along with conclusions that they believe are not supported by the evidence.

In February 2007, Giraldi wrote in The American Conservative that the NIE on Iran had already been completed, but that Cheney's office had objected to its findings on both the Iranian nuclear program. and Iran's role in Iraq. The draft NIE did not conclude that there was confirming evidence that Iran was arming the Shi'ite insurgents in Iraq, according to Giraldi.

Giraldi said the White House had decided to postpone any decision on the internal release of the NIE until after the November 2006 elections.

Cheney's desire for a "clean" NIE that could be used to support his aggressive policy toward Iran was apparently a major factor in the replacement of John Negroponte as director of national intelligence in early 2007.

Negroponte had angered the neoconservatives in the administration by telling the press in April 2006 that the intelligence community believed that it would still be "a number of years off" before Iran would be "likely to have enough fissile material to assemble into or to put into a nuclear weapon, perhaps into the next decade."

Neoconservatives immediately attacked Negroponte for the statement, which merely reflected the existing NIE on Iran issued in Spring 2005. Robert G. Joseph, the undersecretary of state for arms control and an ally of Cheney, contradicted Negroponte the following day. He suggested that Iran's nuclear program. was nearing the "point of no return" – an Israeli concept referring to the mastery of industrial-scale uranium enrichment.

Frank J. Gaffney, a protégé of neoconservative heavyweight Richard Perle, complained that Negroponte was "absurdly declaring the Iranian regime to be years away from having nuclear weapons."

On Jan. 5, 2007, Pres. George W. Bush announced the nomination of retired Vice Admiral John Michael "Mike" McConnell to be director of national intelligence. McConnell was approached by Cheney himself about accepting the position, according to Newsweek.

McConnell was far more amenable to White House influence than his predecessor. On Feb. 27, one week after his confirmation, he told the Senate Armed Services Committee he was "comfortable saying it's probable" that the alleged export of explosively formed penetrators to Shi'ite insurgents in Iraq was linked to the highest leadership in Iran.

Cheney had been making that charge, but Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and Secretary of Defense Robert M. Gates, as well as Negroponte, had opposed it.

A public event last spring indicated that White House had ordered a reconsideration of the draft NIE's conclusion on how many years it would take Iran to produce a nuclear weapon. The previous Iran estimate completed in spring 2005 had estimated it as 2010 to 2015.

Two weeks after Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad announced in mid-April that Iran would begin producing nuclear fuel on an industrial scale, the chairman of the National Intelligence Council, Thomas Fingar, said in an interview with National Public Radio that the completion of the NIE on Iran had been delayed while the intelligence community determined whether its judgment on the time frame within which Iran might produce a nuclear weapon needed to be amended.

Fingar said the estimate "might change," citing "new reporting" from the International Atomic Energy Agency as well as "some other new information we have." And then he added, "We are serious about reexamining old evidence."

That extraordinary revelation about the NIE process, which was obviously ordered by McConnell, was an unsubtle signal to the intelligence community that the White House was determined to obtain a more alarmist conclusion on the Iranian nuclear program.

A decision announced in late October indicated, however, that Cheney did not get the consensus findings on the nuclear program and Iran's role in Iraq that he had wanted. On Oct. 27, David Shedd, a deputy to McConnell, told a congressional briefing that McConnell had issued a directive making it more difficult to declassify the key judgments of national intelligence estimates.

That reversed a Bush administration practice of releasing summaries of "key judgments" in NIEs that began when the White House made public the key judgments from the controversial 2002 NIE on Iraq's alleged weapons of mass destruction program in July 2003.

The decision to withhold key judgments on Iran from the public was apparently part of a White House strategy for reducing the potential damage of publishing the estimate with the inclusion of dissenting views.

As of early October, officials involved in the NIE were "throwing their hands up in frustration" over the refusal of the administration to allow the estimate to be released, according to the former intelligence officer. But the Iran NIE is now expected to be circulated within the administration in late November, says Ray McGovern, former CIA analyst and founder of the antiwar group Veteran Intelligence Professionals for Sanity.

The release of the Iran NIE would certainly intensify the bureaucratic political struggle over Iran policy. If the NIE includes both dissenting views on key issues, a campaign of selective leaking to news media of language from the NIE that supports Cheney's line on Iran will soon follow, as well as leaks of the dissenting views by his opponents.

Both sides may be anticipating another effort by Cheney to win Bush's approval of a significant escalation of military pressure on Iran in early 2008.

(Inter Press Service)

The Impossibility of American Empire

By William Pfaff

Paris, October 30, 2007 – Since the return of democracy in Spain, Spain’s politica leaders and political society have demonstrated an extraordinary determination to star anew, after the crisis-afflicted 75 years that began with what the Spaniards have called “th catastrophe” – the collapse of the Spanish empire under blows from an exuberant an adolescent United States that believed it was coming of age as a world power. It’s evidenc that empires end, but nations don’t, and resurrection is possible

America’s transcontinental expansion following the Civil War and the garish joys of the Gilded Age gave Americans a taste for foreign adventure, whetted by the proximity and vulnerability of Cuba. And if Cuba, why not Puerto Rico, and the Philippines? Admiral Alfred Mahan, America’s prophet of naval power and of the economic necessity of colonialism, offered convincing economic reasons for American colonial expansion, and the failing Spanish empire was at hand.


A blow to it in the Caribbean, and another in Manila Bay, was enough for it to splinter and collapse. The Spanish Caribbean and the Philippines were ours.

Every empire has its day, and Spain’s phenomenal empire had its during the four centuries that followed the expeditions of Columbus, sailing westward. 1492, and the riches of South American gold, led eventually, and one can say inexorably, to failure in 1898. All things come to an end. You live to die, a principle unpopular among Americans.

The Empire of the United States was launched in 1898, and has since traversed a mere century, experiencing increasing ambition, and suffering increasing difficulties. Could it too last 406 years? The current evidence is not reassuring.

Take the capacity to rule. Take the current Republican party candidates for their party’s presidential nomination. The level of intelligence, emotional and intellectual maturity, and simple information about the subjects on which they discourse, would disqualify them from mainstream political rank in any other major democracy.

This is seriously distressing – although in principle a soluble problem, since there are plenty of intelligent people in the United States, as well as great universities and a rich culture. But elected U.S. government has been so debased by the national willingness to submit elections to the values and habits of a medium of entertainment, television, and to the corruptions of money, that it is hard to see that such a nation can indefinitely maintain representative government.

The Bush administration has demonstrated that major groups and forces in American society indeed do not wish that form of government to survive, and are deliberately engaged in destroying the constitutional order, undermining the powers of Congress and of the courts, so as to install unchecked executive power, rationalized by a novel and authoritarian legal ideology, and sustained by national security demagogy.

I have not spoken of the Democratic candidates for president in the same way because the party’s candidates and debate have not descended to quite the abysmal levels of the Republican pre-primary campaign. But the Democratic party is equally complicit in degrading and subverting the electoral debate and practice of the country, since its candidates are unwilling or unable to challenge the American imperial ideology that drives the country’s foreign policy, an ideology of permanent, unchallengeable global military supremacy.

This ideology is plainly written out in the American Defense Department’s periodical statements of U.S. National Security Strategy, in the latest of which the previously stated goal of “security” in space has now become “supremacy” in space (as everywhere else).

The most influential ground force doctrine foresees decades of American asymmetrical war against urban insurgents springing up in radicalized or “failed” states around the world (including Europe, which the authors of this ideology of an unending World War IV predict will soon be reduced to helotry in service to an “Islamofascist” Caliphate. This hysterical American dystopia feeds fantasies of conquest to its Islamic enemies that the enemies themselves could not imagine. Paranoia reigns in some American circles, close to leading Republican candidates.

All this might be taken as reason for American fear of what is to come. But the dystopic future thus described is impossible. What can come is a United States that burns itself out in the attempt to deal with its paranoid fantasies.

The United States already wages two wasting wars that make no sense. It will never, itself, dominate the disintegrative forces in Iraq today. In Afghanistan it will never succeed in defeating a Taliban radicalism that represents a real if obscurantist national affirmation by a 40-million strong Pathan ethnic community that has always been the dominant force in its historical homeland.

It is not a question of whether these American objectives should be done. That is irrelevant, since they can’t be done. They are impossibilities.

The United States government, in its effort to execute its national security strategy of dominating and defeating global radicalism and extremism, is currently directly attempting to manipulate and control the internal political processes of Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Lebanon, the Palestinian Authority, Hamas and Hezbollah, Somalia, Ethiopia, Sudan, Kenya; and indirectly it attempts to exercise decisive influence on the affairs of Iran, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Egypt, Turkey, Yemen, Libya, the Gulf Emirates, and a non-existent Kurdistan – and this is to take only a single zone of the world.

This is what the War on Terror has come to mean. It is an attempt to create a universal empire that exists only in the American imagination, by an effort that, because its aim is impossible to achieve, is unlimited in the damage it could do to Americans and others.

© Copyright 2007 by Tribune Media Services International. All Rights Reserved.

7 Countries Considering Abandoning the US Dollar (and what it means)

http://www.currencytrading.net/2007/7-countries-considering-abandoning-the-us-dollar-and-what-it-means/

U.S. Says Attack Plans for Iran Ready

http://www.military.com/NewsContent/0,13319,155821,00.html

Revealed: Israel plans nuclear strike on Iran

http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/article1290331.ece

tirsdag den 18. september 2007

Reuters: Russia/China worried by Iran attack talk

MOSCOW (Reuters) - Russia and China expressed alarm on Tuesday over comments by France's foreign minister that Paris should prepare for the prospect of war with Iran, which the West accuses of secretly developing nuclear weapons.

Minister Bernard Kouchner sought, however, to play down his weekend remarks, saying they were meant as a "message of peace".

"I do not want it to be said that I am a warmonger!" he told Le Monde newspaper, days before the five U.N. Security Council permanent members, including Russia and China, and Germany were due to meet to discuss possible new sanctions against Tehran.

"My message was a message of peace, of seriousness and of determination," the paper quoted Kouchner as saying on his plane as he headed to Moscow for talks with his Russian counterpart.

Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov made it clear at a joint news briefing with Kouchner that his remarks had disturbed a Kremlin, like China, less inclined to sanctions than the West.

"We are worried by reports that there is serious consideration being given to military action in Iran," Lavrov said. "That is a threat to a region where there are already grave problems in Iraq and Afghanistan."

Western powers led by the United States accuse Iran of using a purported nuclear power programme as a screen for development of nuclear arms -- something they fear could add enormously to instability in the already volatile Middle East. They point to Iran's past secrecy over nuclear research as cause for concern.

IRAN UNMOVED

ranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, an outspoken critic of the West, said Kouchner's comments were meant only for the media. "We do not consider these threats to be serious."

Iran says it seeks nuclear energy only for electricity and condemns U.N. sanctions promoted by the five permanent members -- China, Russia, the United States, France and Britain -- and Germany over its uranium enrichment programme.

Lavrov, signalling its policy at a powers' meeting scheduled for Friday to consider new steps, said Iran should be left to work with the International Atomic Energy Agency before the world considers further sanctions or military action.

"The United States and the European Union are taking tougher anti-Iranian sanctions ... if we agree to work collectively... then what purpose is served by unilateral actions?"

China also condemned Kouchner's weekend remarks.

"We believe the best option is to peacefully resolve the Iranian nuclear issue through diplomatic negotiations, which is in the common interests of the international community," Chinese Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Jiang Yu said at a briefing.

"We do not approve of easily resorting to threatening use of force in international affairs," Jiang said.

Kouchner said France had asked French firms not to bid for work in Iran.

"We must prepare for the worst," he said in the weekend interview with RTL radio and LCI television. "The worst, sir, is war." He said, however, that war was not an imminent prospect.

http://in.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idINIndia-29601820070918

--------------------------


I forlængelse heraf:

Reuters: Iran says China on side against fresh sanctions

http://in.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idINIndia-29535920070914?pageNumber=2



Israelis ‘blew apart Syrian nuclear cache’

IT was just after midnight when the 69th Squadron of Israeli F15Is crossed the Syrian coast-line. On the ground, Syria’s formidable air defences went dead. An audacious raid on a Syrian target 50 miles from the Iraqi border was under way.

At a rendezvous point on the ground, a Shaldag air force commando team was waiting to direct their laser beams at the target for the approaching jets. The team had arrived a day earlier, taking up position near a large underground depot. Soon the bunkers were in flames.

Ten days after the jets reached home, their mission was the focus of intense speculation this weekend amid claims that Israel believed it had destroyed a cache of nuclear materials from North Korea.

The Israeli government was not saying. “The security sources and IDF [Israeli Defence Forces] soldiers are demonstrating unusual courage,” said Ehud Olmert, the prime minister. “We naturally cannot always show the public our cards.”


The Syrians were also keeping mum. “I cannot reveal the details,” said Farouk al-Sharaa, the vice-president. “All I can say is the military and political echelon is looking into a series of responses as we speak. Results are forthcoming.” The official story that the target comprised weapons destined for Hezbollah, the Iranian-backed Lebanese Shi’ite group, appeared to be crumbling in the face of widespread scepticism.

Andrew Semmel, a senior US State Department official, said Syria might have obtained nuclear equipment from “secret suppliers”, and added that there were a “number of foreign technicians” in the country.

Asked if they could be North Korean, he replied: “There are North Korean people there. There’s no question about that.” He said a network run by AQ Khan, the disgraced creator of Pakistan’s nuclear weapons, could be involved.

But why would nuclear material be in Syria? Known to have chemical weapons, was it seeking to bolster its arsenal with something even more deadly?

Alternatively, could it be hiding equipment for North Korea, enabling Kim Jong-il to pretend to be giving up his nuclear programme in exchange for economic aid? Or was the material bound for Iran, as some authorities in America suggest?

According to Israeli sources, preparations for the attack had been going on since late spring, when Meir Dagan, the head of Mossad, presented Olmert with evidence that Syria was seeking to buy a nuclear device from North Korea.

The Israeli spy chief apparently feared such a device could eventually be installed on North-Korean-made Scud-C missiles.

“This was supposed to be a devastating Syrian surprise for Israel,” said an Israeli source. “We’ve known for a long time that Syria has deadly chemical warheads on its Scuds, but Israel can’t live with a nuclear warhead.”

An expert on the Middle East, who has spoken to Israeli participants in the raid, told yesterday’s Washington Post that the timing of the raid on September 6 appeared to be linked to the arrival three days earlier of a ship carrying North Korean material labelled as cement but suspected of concealing nuclear equipment.

The target was identified as a northern Syrian facility that purported to be an agricultural research centre on the Euphrates river. Israel had been monitoring it for some time, concerned that it was being used to extract uranium from phosphates.

According to an Israeli air force source, the Israeli satellite Ofek 7, launched in June, was diverted from Iran to Syria. It sent out high-quality images of a northeastern area every 90 minutes, making it easy for air force specialists to spot the facility.

Early in the summer Ehud Barak, the defence minister, had given the order to double Israeli forces on its Golan Heights border with Syria in anticipation of possible retaliation by Damascus in the event of air strikes.

Sergei Kirpichenko, the Russian ambassador to Syria, warned President Bashar al-Assad last month that Israel was planning an attack, but suggested the target was the Golan Heights.

Israeli military intelligence sources claim Syrian special forces moved towards the Israeli outpost of Mount Hermon on the Golan Heights. Tension rose, but nobody knew why.

At this point, Barak feared events could spiral out of control. The decision was taken to reduce the number of Israeli troops on the Golan Heights and tell Damascus the tension was over. Syria relaxed its guard shortly before the Israeli Defence Forces struck.

Only three Israeli cabinet ministers are said to have been in the know � Olmert, Barak and Tzipi Livni, the foreign minister. America was also consulted. According to Israeli sources, American air force codes were given to the Israeli air force attaché in Washington to ensure Israel’s F15Is would not mistakenly attack their US counterparts.

Once the mission was under way, Israel imposed draconian military censorship and no news of the operation emerged until Syria complained that Israeli aircraft had violated its airspace. Syria claimed its air defences had engaged the planes, forcing them to drop fuel tanks to lighten their loads as they fled.

But intelligence sources suggested it was a highly successful Israeli raid on nuclear material supplied by North Korea.

Washington was rife with speculation last week about the precise nature of the operation. One source said the air strikes were a diversion for a daring Israeli commando raid, in which nuclear materials were intercepted en route to Iran and hauled to Israel. Others claimed they were destroyed in the attack.

There is no doubt, however, that North Korea is accused of nuclear cooperation with Syria, helped by AQ Khan’s network. John Bolton, who was undersecretary for arms control at the State Department, told the United Nations in 2004 the Pakistani nuclear scientist had “several other” customers besides Iran, Libya and North Korea.

Some of his evidence came from the CIA, which had reported to Congress that it viewed “Syrian nuclear intentions with growing concern”.

“I’ve been worried for some time about North Korea and Iran outsourcing their nuclear programmes,” Bolton said last week. Syria, he added, was a member of a “junior axis of evil”, with a well-established ambition to develop weapons of mass destruction.

The links between Syria and North Korea date back to the rule of Kim Il-sung and President Hafez al-Assad in the last century. In recent months, their sons have quietly ordered an increase in military and technical cooperation.

Foreign diplomats who follow North Korean affairs are taking note. There were reports of Syrian passengers on flights from Beijing to Pyongyang and sightings of Middle Eastern businessmen from sources who watch the trains from North Korea to China.

On August 14, Rim Kyong Man, the North Korean foreign trade minister, was in Syria to sign a protocol on “cooperation in trade and science and technology”. No details were released, but it caught Israel’s attention.

Syria possesses between 60 and 120 Scud-C missiles, which it has bought from North Korea over the past 15 years. Diplomats believe North Korean engineers have been working on extending their 300-mile range. It means they can be used in the deserts of northeastern Syria � the area of the Israeli strike.

The triangular relationship between North Korea, Syria and Iran continues to perplex intelligence analysts. Syria served as a conduit for the transport to Iran of an estimated £50m of missile components and technology sent by sea from North Korea. The same route may be in use for nuclear equipment.

But North Korea is at a sensitive stage of negotiations to end its nuclear programme in exchange for security guarantees and aid, leading some diplomats to cast doubt on the likelihood that Kim would cross America’s “red line” forbidding the proliferation of nuclear materials.

Christopher Hill, the State Department official representing America in the talks, said on Friday he could not confirm “intelligence-type things”, but the reports underscored the need “to make sure the North Koreans get out of the nuclear business”.

By its actions, Israel showed it is not interested in waiting for diplomacy to work where nuclear weapons are at stake.

As a bonus, the Israelis proved they could penetrate the Syrian air defence system, which is stronger than the one protecting Iranian nuclear sites.

This weekend President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad of Iran sent Ali Akbar Mehrabian, his nephew, to Syria to assess the damage. The new “axis of evil” may have lost one of its spokes.



http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/middle_east/article2461421.ece

US Iran report branded dishonest

The UN nuclear watchdog has protested to the US government over a report on Iran's nuclear programme, calling it "erroneous" and "misleading".

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/5346524.stm

IAEA chief: Talk about war against Iran contra-constructive

















VIENNA, Sept. 17 (Xinhua) -- Mohamed ElBaradei, director general of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), called on the international community Monday to settle Iran's nuclear issues through negotiation, stressing that talk about possible war against Iran was "contra-constructive".

He expressed his worries to the media about the increased discussions about the possible military action against Iran at the 51st annual regular session of the IAEA General Conference held in Vienna this week.

The chief of the IAEA urged all parties involved to learn lessons from the Iraq war before talking about military action against Iran.

He stressed the importance of settling Iran's nuclear issues through negotiation, and meanwhile called on Iran to continuously cooperate with the IAEA and clarify its open questions in the nuclear program.

http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2007-09/18/content_6743203.htm